Evolution Of Human Resource Management - 1959 Words

Introduction Human resource management has been an evolving discipline since its creation. Societal influences, organizational demands, and technological advances have all affected the role human resource managers play in an organization. This case study will recount the history and evolution of human resources from performing purely administrative tasks to becoming a strategic leadership partner, examine the main objectives of human resource management, the current trends influencing the discipline, and the tools and resources human resource managers can utilize to improve performance. Finally, I will discuss how strategic human resource management can create competitive advantage for the organization and the challenge and importance of creating support and buy-in for the expanding role of strategic human resource management from line managers. Evolution of Human Resource Management Prior to World War II, Human Resources, often called Personnel or Human Relations, served a primarily administrative purpose. Tasked with operational duties of hiring and training employees and bookkeeping responsibilities regarding payroll and benefits, human resource managers often reported directly to line managers (Groysberg, McLean, Reavis, 2006, pp. 1-2). In addition to administrative duties, human resources assumed bureaucratic and operational roles as well. Bureaucratic management involves drafting and implementing policies that affect the workforce. Human resource managers useShow MoreRelatedEvolution Of Human Resource Management1046 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity â€Æ' Evolution of Human Resource Management The evolution of Human Resource Management has transitioned from a very simple administrative function to a very multifaceted strategic function that still includes administrative, operational, and strategic tasks in the organization. In the beginning of Human Resource Management, the roles of Human Resource personnel was mainly just to hire employees, deal with compensation, benefits, legal issues, and the firing of employees. Today, Human ResourcesRead MoreEvolution Of Human Resource Management2149 Words   |  9 PagesAccording to Merriam-Webster, the term human resources started in the 1960s and is defined as â€Å"a department within an organization that deals with the people who work for that organization† (Human Resources, n.d., p. 1). In this assignment I will discuss the evolution of human resource management, workplace trends affecting human resources, strategic positioning of HR, the major objectives of human resource planning, key tools HR managers utilize to improve performance, and the challenges forRead MoreEvolution Of Human Resource Management Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesEvolution of Human Resource Management Administrative Functions The objective of the Human Resource Department is to design management systems to ensure human talent is maximized to effectively and efficiently achieve organizational goals. HR has seven functions that are intertwined. These functions are global, environmental, cultural geographic, political, social, legal, economic, and technological. Human resource management has the potential to drastically impact the success and effectivenessRead MoreEvolution Of Human Resource Management1263 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Human resource management (HRM) recognized by most organizations today as contributing strategically important functions, which contribute towards their success. Exploring HRM’s beginnings will provide insight regarding progression and development of previous practices leading to current human resource management processes and its future challenges in Canadian healthcare organizations. Prior to the 1900s, Anastakis (2006) indicates the existence of diminutive businessesRead MoreEvolution of Human Resource Management7638 Words   |  31 PagesGROWTH AND GLOBALIZATION: EVOLUTION OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN ASIA ARTHUR YEUNG, MALCOLM WARNER, AND CHRIS ROWLEY In this introductory note, we offer an overview of how human resource management in Asian countries and corporations is evolving in the face of rapid business growth and integration into the global economy and we describe how the articles in this Special Issue contribute to new knowledge and insights regarding key issues, challenges, and evolution in the field of HRM in AsiaRead MoreEvolution Of Human Resource Management2625 Words   |  11 Pagescovers the evolution of human resource management and discusses current issues and trends in the field. Changes in orientation, such as changes from personnel to human resources, administration to management, and human relations to organizational effectiveness, are covered. Utilizing the concepts and technology described can greatly improve the effectiveness of any human resources department. Ideas for future research and practice are also suggested. â€Æ' Evolution of Human Resource Management KeyRead MoreEvolution of Human Resource Management in the Past Decade683 Words   |  3 PagesAbstract The paper discusses how the field of Human Resource Management has evolved over the past decade. It also highlights the specialized areas of Human Resource Management that are providing great opportunities for college students to pursue a career in Human Resource Management The field of human resource management has evolved a great deal over the past decade. Systems are far more sophisticated than they used to be which has allowed many improvements as the flow of information is muchRead MoreHuman Resource Management And The Bureaucratic Era1222 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Resource Management is a vital function in any organisation and operates in legal and social environments that are becoming increasingly complex. It is defined as the process and practice of managing and advising executives on staff recruitment, selection, retention and development (Clegg, Kornberger Pitsis 2011). In the post-bureaucratic era, these management styles have altered to cater towards satisfying employees through intrinsic rewards by providing pride, relationships, meaning andRead MoreGary Dessler Human Resource Management 14th Edition1672 Words   |  7 PagesGary Dessler Human Resource Management 14th Edition.pdf Download Gary Dessler Human Resource Management 14th Edition.PDF Now Gary Dessler Human Resource Management 14th Edition - Are you looking for ebook gary dessler human resource management 14th edition PDF? You will be glad to know that right now gary dessler human resource management 14th edition PDF is available on our online library. With our online resources, you can find gary dessler human resource management 14th edition easily without

Managerial Accounting Assignment - 1755 Words

Managerial Accounting Assignment-2 Prof. Murtaza J. Bhatti Please submit a separate answer sheet, with the answers carefully numbered as mentioned here. 1. At the beginning of the year, manufacturing overhead for the year was estimated to be $670,530. At the end of the year, actual direct labor-hours for the year were 29,400 hours, the actual manufacturing overhead for the year was $665,530, and manufacturing overhead for the year was under-applied by $27,550. If the predetermined overhead rate is based on direct labor-hours, then the estimated direct labor-hours at the beginning of the year used in the predetermined overhead rate must have been: 2. Carver Company produces a product which sells for $40. Variable†¦show more content†¦At the end of the year, actual direct labor-hours for the year were 9,700 hours, the actual manufacturing overhead for the year was $143,350, and manufacturing overhead for the year was underapplied by $18,220. The estimated manufacturing overhead at the beginning of the year used in the predetermined overhead rate must have been: 13. In the Vasquez Company, any over- or underapplied overhead is closed out to Cost of Goods Sold. Last year, the company incurred $27,000 in actual manufacturing overhead cost, and applied $29,000 of overhead cost to jobs. The beginning and ending balances of Finished Goods were equal, and the Company s Cost of Goods Manufactured for the year totaled $71,000. Given this information, Cost of Goods Sold, after adjustment for any over- or underapplied overhead, for the year must have been: 14. Jensen Manufacturing uses a job order cost system. Overhead is applied at the rate of $20 per direct labor hour. Job #777 includes $2,000 of direct labor cost and 150 direct labor hours. $1,500 of indirect labor cost was actually incurred. The proper journal entry to record the wage related cost is: a) Debit Work in Process, $3,500; Credit Wages Payable, $3,500. b) Debit Wage Expense, $3,500; Credit Wages Payable, $3,500. c) Debit Work in Process, $2,000; Debit Factory Overhead, $1,500; Credit Wages Payable, $3,500. d) Debit Work in Process, $3,500; Credit Factory Overhead, $1,500; Credit Wage Expense, $2,000.Show MoreRelatedAccounting753 Words   |  4 PagesCampbellsville University School of Business and Economics SYLLABUS Course Title: ACC 601 Managerial Accounting Semester/Dates: Graduate Term 1: August 29, 2011 – October 23, 2011 (Traditional MBA) Meetings: Thursday (6:00 PM – 10:00 PM), AD 25 Faculty: Dr. Sunny Onyiri Office: AD 29-b Phone: (502) 365 4424 Read MoreWeekly Schedule1363 Words   |  6 Pages1 Business Integration and Innovation Financial Management Islamic Ethics Managerial Accounting and Control Systems Managerial Economics Operations Management Jamshed H Khan Syed Mubashir Ali Kamran Rashid Ayesha Bhatti / M Junaid Ashraf Tanveer Shehzad Hassan Rauf / Syed Zahoor Hassan SULEMAN DAWOOD SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MBA PROGRAMME CLASS OF 2016, SECTION B AUDITORIUM A-104 SEMESTER II 2014-2015 (SII) Assignments for the week of March 30 to April 03, 2015 ***************************************************************************Read MoreSample Resume : Managerial Accounting1411 Words   |  6 Pages MASTERS IN PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANCY STUDENT NAME : Shilpa Thakran STUDENT ID : 17909848 UNIT NUMBER : 530 REPORT : MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING TUTOR NAME : CHEOW WING WONG DUE DATE : September 12, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 1.0 PRODUCT COSTING†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 1.1 JUST IN TIMERead MoreHrm 531 Week 2 Individual Assignment Essays1014 Words   |  5 PagesWEEK 2 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/hrm-531-week-2-individual-assignment/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM HRM 531 WEEK 2 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT The Employment Law Compliance Plan task in the form of a memo, as described in the message from Traci on the Atwood and Allen Consulting Page. Activity mode aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students of HRM 531 Week 2 Individual Assignment in order to aceRead MorePsy 100 Week 8 Assignment 2 – Adjustment Case Study – New Updated Work1210 Words   |  5 PagesPSY 100 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 2 – ADJUSTMENT CASE STUDY – NEW UPDATED WORK To purchase this Click here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/psy-100-week-8-assignment-2-adjustment-case-study-new-updated-work/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM PSY 100 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT 2 - ADJUSTMENT CASE STUDY - NEW UPDATED WORK Write a three to six (3-6) page paper in which you: 1. Summarize the two (2) articles you selected from the NPR Website. 2. Describe the major adjustment issues discussed inRead MoreEssay On The Most Valuable Things Learned1018 Words   |  5 Pagesdata regarding the financial issues of the firm (Vogel, 2014). Making Managerial Accounting decisions In making managerial accounting decisions relevant or applicable to a matter; apposite majority of the data that is urgent on making decisions concerning managers include; data regarding those plans. This fiscal plan of a firm indicates the future financial arrangement of the firm. Plans are vital previously, managerial accounting choices since they in deciding zones in the firm that will make aRead MoreCBU Syllabus 2015 MBAC 51031353 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Introduction to Accounting: MBAC 5103 Instructor Information Professor: Derrick Hayes Winter 2015 Office: SB217 Tues Thurs: 1:00 – 2:15 pm Email: derrick_hayes@cbu.ca Phone: 563-1312 Course Website (URL): Textbooks and Readings Required Text: Hayes, Derrick, Introduction to Accounting, Primus, McGraw Hill Prerequisites: NONE CourseRead MoreHrm 517 Week 6 Assignment 1 Planning Document896 Words   |  4 PagesHRM 517 WEEK 6 ASSIGNMENT 1 PLANNING DOCUMENT To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/hrm-517-week-6-assignment-1-planning-document/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM HRM 517 WEEK 6 ASSIGNMENT 1 PLANNING DOCUMENT HRM 517 Week 6 Assignment 1 - Planning Document You have recently been appointed head of human resources and are now in charge of managing a small team. Your next project is to revamp the compensation and benefits package employees are receivingRead MoreAcc 560 Week 9 Assignment 2 Johnson Controls Capital Investments1706 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussion Ethics in Management Accounting versus Financial Accounting  Please respond to the following: * Go to the AICPA Website to read the current AICPA code of professional conduct, located athttp://www.aicpa.org/Research/Standards/CodeofConduct/Pages/default.aspx. Next, assess the effectiveness of the current Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) code of professional conduct in promoting ethical behavior and providing guidance for the dilemmas managerial accountants are confronted withRead MoreIntermediate Managerial Accounting848 Words   |  4 PagesBUS 322.D1 – FALL 2012 INTERMEDIATE MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING Tuesday, 11:30-14:20 (BLU 10021) Instructor Office Phone Email : : : : Tota Panggabean, BSc., MSF., MSEc. WMC 3353 (778)782.3563 tpanggab@sfu.ca Office hours : M 10.00-12.00 W 10.00-14.30 Or by appointment Toan Le WMC 3381 M: 14.00-15.30 Marker : Prerequisites Textbooks (Required) : : BUS 254; 60 credit hours. Cost Management and Control (2008): Custom Publication for Simon Fraser University, McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN:

Christianity and HIV Essay Example For Students

Christianity and HIV Essay As an outsider who shares many values with sincere and faithful Christians, I am troubled with the apparent lack of effectiveness of their most common approaches to the current HIV crisis. The Christian ultimate objective of saving souls is not universally shared, and arguments from that perspective will not be persuasive to a general audience. However, even if we were all to agree to that goal, the current Christian approaches are allowing far to many bodies and souls to be taken by HIV. The approaches which Christians are taking toward this issue publicly viz., to outsiders as well as co-religionists will herein be considered. The essence of the most typical arguments will be explored. The impact of same will be analyzed, critically. Alternatives will then be proposed. When pronouncements are made through the media and the popular press by Christians as Christians, the impact upon perception of the faithful is at least as great as upon the issue in question itself. It is possible to have an ethical position promulgated which has the potential of mass appeal without compromising any fundamental principles. Any pronouncements on an issue as critical as HIV must take into consideration the current cultural climate. Wanting of that, the risk of merely offending and the opportunity to reach a recalcitrant mind to a moral perspective is lost as is the opportunity to save a lost soul. It is also true that, a value-neutral approach is also ultimately doomed to fail. Doors may be opened with a non-judgmental approach, but the root causes are not addressed. Popular opinion notwithstanding, HIV is a consequence of moral decisions. Yet, there is significant cadre of Christians who loathe to even suggest a moral cause Clearly the most favored approach is what I will call the compassionate non-judgmental method. This is also most typically used by secular treatment facilities and is looked upon approvingly by the mavens of the popular culture. A typical example can be found in article generated by the AIDS National Interfaith Network. In it they proclaim that the enormity of the pandemic itself has compelled us to join forces despite our differences of belief. (ANIN 1) Further, we are told that AIDS is an affliction of the whole human family, a condition in which we all participate. (ibid) The assertion is then made that God does not punish with sickness or disease. (ibid) Now, if we agree that the Almighty is infinite and we, as individuals are finite, how can anyone make such a definitive assertion of the intent and method of Deity? This fallacy will be explored later; it is abused by advocates of several The authors lay out their objectives: an emphasis on prevention for those not yet infected and non-judgmental care, respect, support and assistance for those who are. They are committed to transform public attitudes and policies. (ibid 2) These attitudes which are to be transformed are the sins of intolerance and bigotry. We are admonished to remember that AIDS is not a gay disease. (ibid) The policies government? which need such transformation are alluded to in the assertion that economic disparity and poverty are major contributing factors in the AIDS pandemic and barriers to prevention and treatment. (ibid) Not included in this advocacy for prevention and education is any assessment in how the behaviors which transmit the disease may be major contributing factors. Nowhere in this missive is the suggestion that any effective education might need to include what those who are infected may have in common and what could be learned We are instead expected to take the leap that intolerance and bigotry and economic disparity should be the focus of our efforts in the struggle against AIDS. Are we to suppose that even they actually believe this to be true? Do they really mean to imply that the original outbreak of HIV/AIDS and/or its continuation was caused by people who consider the behaviors which transmit the disease to be morally abhorrent? Also, there are places where HIV/AIDS are virtually unknown which have an essentially medieval socio-economic structure viz. .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f , .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f .postImageUrl , .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f , .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f:hover , .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f:visited , .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f:active { border:0!important; } .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f:active , .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u177aca45fc61750a7efcfb858dccc93f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Strange Meeting Essay a great deal of economic disparity and poverty. The social mores in these traditional societies are as equally backward in comparison to ours as are their economic situations. How are we to assess that? Claudia L. Webster, a Board of Directors member of the United Methodist General Board of Global Ministries advocates what I would characterize as the practical approach. Church leaders are encouraged to facilitate discussion and education targeted toward adults, teens and children. .

Cultural Plunge free essay sample

As I searched the internet for suggestions on where to go, I found 99 Ranch Market to have the highest ratings. 99 Ranch Market is an Asian market located in Clairmont. I decided to go on Saturday, since I had time off and oh was that a mistake. The parking lot was packed. I could not find a parking space, almost got into and accident and when I finally did find a space, it was too narrow for my expedition. Sadly I’d have to say I thought about the typical talked about stereo type that Asians, especially female Asians do not know how to drive. I instantly felt like I was in Mexico, because we too do not seem to drive responsibly once we cross the border. After 20 minutes looking for parking, I finally was able to go inside. The Market was huge. It had an area for fresh meet, fresh seafood, produce, and even a bakery and some fast food spots. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Plunge or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The bakery smelled delicious. I was able to try out some Ube/Taro bread that was purple and it was great. There was also dim sum, which seems to be different types of bread like balls stuffed with different mixtures such as pork, shrimp, chicken etc. Then they had my favorite type of drink, Thai tea with boba. Although it was tempting to buy it I opted for something different. I tried an avocado smoothie which was sweet and surprisingly delicious. As I walked through the market on this Saturday, I thought of the Mexican market that I go to and how packed it gets. This Asian market had the same feel however with different people from Asia. They all spoke a language I did not understand whether it be Chinese, Korean, Cambodian, Tagalog, or Vietnamese. I now know how people who only speak English feel like when encountered by a large group of non-English speaking people. It was a bit difficult to find an employee who spoke English clearly enough to understand. The market was a bit dirty and smelled not so clean, but this I expected especially with the fresh seafood and meat around. Then there was the produce department with all the different types of fruit and vegetable that we normally do not see in a Vons or Albertsons. I especially liked the fruit section. It reminded me of a time I went to New York and walked through china town. There were a variety exotic fruits not seen in the common grocery store such as Lychee, and Durian. The reason why these fruits caught my attention is because of how different they are in color, texture, and shape. They can be bright shades of fusia, purple, green, and spiky enough to hurt someone. Others can be furry like, and shaped like a star. I decided to buy one of each. I bought a rambutan, Jackfruit, passion fruit, Lychee, star fruit, mangosteen, Durian, and dragon fruit. I went home delighted to try each one with my husband. We first cut the star fruit. If you cut it horizontally the fruit is shaped like a star. To our surprise it tasted similarly like a green apple. I definitely recommend this fruits in thin slices and drizzled with caramel. Next was rambutan. It looks like a little ball with long thin spines. It is a mixture of green orange and purple colors. We broke it open and inside was round clear pulp with a nut in the middle. It was delicious, tasting like kiwi, lemon, and an orange all in one. We then opened up the jackfruit. It is a large green spiky three fruit. There are multiple seeds within the pulp in side and it has somewhat of a pineapple taste to it. The next was then the passion fruit. This fruit is purple and supper sweet in the inside. Although not sold in its original form at our common grocery stores, we normally see the flavor being used in teas and smoothies. Then there was the mangosteen. It is another purple fruit. It is creamy and citrusy with a hint of peach. Second to last is the Lychee. This is a common Asian fruit that is small and white in the inside and has a grape like texture when eaten. Lastly was the Durian, sadly the worst one of them. It has hard spiky husk that needed to be cracked opened. I was warned about this one but didn’t think it was going to be as bad as it was. It smelled like skunk spray/ sewage. I tried to taste it but didn’t. We immediately threw it away. The smell was horrible. A lady who I spoke to at the store prior to buying the fruit just told me that it was an acquired taste and smell, but I didn’t expect what we experienced. Nonetheless, I enjoyed going through and tasting each fruit. It definitely was an experience and an eye opener to the different types of fruit out there besides your usual bananas, strawberries, and oranges. Ultimately I have to say that I enjoyed this overall experience. It has opened up my eyes to many different cultures and definitely different way of eating. Since my visit, I have bought and Asian inspired cook book and plan to make a few dishes with ingredients that are only found at Asian markets. Oh and next time I decided to go; I’ll make sure not to take my big expedition and not to go on the weekends.

Animal Farm Essays (361 words) - British Films, Cold War Films

Animal Farm Animal Farm George Orwells Animal farm is a book about stuck up pigs who illuminates the range of human experience, from love to hate. There are seven commandments, these seven are broken and changed, this causes destruction and hate. One night during Animal Farm Major the head pig ordered a meeting for all animals, this meeting was his last and had important things to say, laws and commandments, the seven were clear to not be broken like the major said. These commandments were, 1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. 2. Whatever goes upon four legs and has wings is a friend. 3. No animal shall wear cloths. 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed. 5. No animal shall drink alcohol. 6. No animal shall kill another animal. 7. All animals are equal. During the story the Majors rules were broken. The Major said I have more to say, I merely repeat remember always your duty enmity towards man and all his ways. The Major is saying that you have to remember the hatred the animals have for people, and only like animals.(pg21) During a few months period the laws were changing, and they changed to 1 2 3 4. No animals shall sleep in bed with sheets. 5. No animals shall drink alcohol to excess. 6. No animal shall kill another animal without cause. 7. All animals are equal but more than others. The Major said No animal must ever tyrannize over his own kind, weak or strong, clever or simple, we are all brothers. The Major is saying don't go against each other, because their our own kind. (pg.21,22) All the pigs were stuck up and snobby, but they weren't hiding what they were doing. One day Muriel was reading off the seven commandments to herself, she said, The animals had remembered seven commandments wrong, no animals shall drink alcohol, but there were two words that they had added, that no animal shall drink alcohol to excess.(pg. 103) The moral of the story is, to always follow the rules. You shouldn't change the rules, look what happened to the pigs. Book Reports

Jonathan Swift

Jonathan Swift Johnathan Swift; World Famous Satirist Johnathan Swift is known as one of the most influential and popular satirists. It was once said that, "a great satirist is a man with intense convictions about right and wrong, but his convictions must be made to convince us too" (Williams, 3). Swift had a difficult childhood and was not predicted to succeed in life. However, his life experience inspired him to write one of the most popular children's novels of all time. Swift's work is significant and popular because he was influenced by society, his work reflected the time period, it is very memorable, and his writings affected writers that followed him.Swift was born in Dublin Ireland on November 30, 1667. His father was an Englishman who went to Ireland to seek fortune, but died of unknown causes a few months before Swift's birth. His mother deserted him when he was just a small baby.Copy of a Photograph of Charles DickensSwift's uncle raised him and sent him to school in Kilhenny at the age of 6. Even though Swift was not a good student and experienced minor problems, in 1682 he attended Trinity College and subsequently obtained a Bachelor of Arts Degree and later a Master's Degree. At this time he was moving back and forth from Ireland to England, but in 1689 he was forced out of England because of the rebellion. During the rebellion he made an effort to help fight the oppression, but no permanent results were achieved. This had a great affect on his character and attitude because he did not accept the beliefs of the time period. He also cared passionately for the plight of the Irish peasants and felt that humanity was evil and the social evils of the time were the product of human flaws. The irony in Swift's life...

Discussion questions-Managerial marketing Assignment

Discussion questions-Managerial marketing - Assignment Example e past several years, there are few options available to these companies as a means of seeking to reintegrate with consumers and provide a positive brand image. However, this should not be understood to mean that these firms are necessarily destroyed and the image is beyond reclamation. With regards to the specific case study and the question which was posed, it would be the choice of this particular student to integrate with a rather costly and far reaching outreach to consumers. Whereas few firms are willing to integrate with such an approach due to the fact that it is exorbitantly expensive, it would be the argument of this student, representing a key stakeholder within Mattel, that such an approach would ultimately reap long-term rewards due to the fact that consumers would have any and all fears that they might hold assuaged with regards to the best practices that the firm is able to integrate and the level to which it seriously considers the shortcomings of the past and looks p ositively towards the rewards and betterment of ethics and responsibility in the future. By seeking to integrate with consumers based upon these lines, a message and level of appreciation for their business and forgiveness can ultimately be achieved. Metrics must necessarily be provided to the stakeholders within the firm as a means of encouraging them to expand the necessary money; however, it is the police of the student that once these metrics are provided in the stakeholders are able to see the long-term rewards that such an approach could provide, they will be more than willing to integrate with such a public outreach

Multi Modal Speech Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Multi Modal Speech Communications - Essay Example This paper will dissect two current commercials to demonstrate how manufacturers and marketing firms suggestively and creatively capitalize on the interconnected processes of language that humans use. In this particular commercial the advertisers selected a highly acclaimed and celebrated professional athlete to endorse the product. The essence or aesthetic presentation is one of playfulness and light-heartedness using the game of golf as the medium of persuasion. The outdoors environment of the backdrop of the velvety, smooth grassy knolls of the golf course is suggestive of the smooth, enjoyable gliding ride of traveling and driving a Buick. The technique of using a â€Å"trap† is a creative lure of language associated with the sand traps when playing the game of golf and the hidden cameramen, but it is a subtly suggestive ploy of deflecting again to enticing the players into the game of buying a Buick. The commercial is brilliant in that it playfully uses a game of golf as a means of introducing and displaying the amenities of the automobile’s design and features. Because of Tiger Woods’ boyish and attractive good looks viewers of the commercial make the association that by owning and driving the new Buick they in turn will project a similar image. The language, the backdrop of the golf course(s), lightness of the exchange between the actors in the commercial project and the unsuspecting participants represent a carefree and enjoyable image. The conveyance of a subconscious mental â€Å"trap† and the physical unconsciously convey to viewers that similar experiences await them as a result of owning the Buick Reiner SUV. Words that come to mind as a result of watching the commercial are: youthful, lightheartedness, fun, playful, beautiful, peaceful, happiness, refreshing, and attainable. This commercial reached back into a time when a full length featured cartoon series was a novelty. The marketing firm

Organisational Behaviour and Development-Assessment Task No 2 Essay

Organisational Behaviour and Development-Assessment Task No 2 - Essay Example These are the questions we will seek to address in this report and attempt to provide solutions based on various researches. Emotions in the workplace have a profound effect on everything we do as it affects thoughts and behaviors. On the other hand, attitudes are a representation of beliefs, feelings and behavioral intentions towards a person, object or event and involve conscious logical reasoning unlike emotions which occur as events often without awareness. Emotions affect workplace attitudes. In the workplace as we interact with co-workers, individuals experience a variety of emotions that shape our feelings towards the company, the job itself and our bosses. The most common of this attitude researched about in the work place are job satisfaction and organizational commitment (Workplace emotions and attitudes, n.d). From our case study, Fran’s Hayden suffered significant adverse effects at Dairy engineering arising substantially from job satisfaction and job role expectat ions. Job satisfaction represents an individual’s evaluation of their job and work content (Workplace, n.d). Frans expectations were affirmed from Peter Bruton her boss, Rob the chief accountant and herself. First we learn that Fran’s was interested in a position in the dairy engineering in the hope that she will gain practical experiences in addition to the higher salary. She was offered a position she knew she will not enjoy but still went ahead and accepted it. she was told her work will entail compiling the monthly report known as â€Å"big brother† but later she found her work was entirely clerical which made her wonder why MIS needed her yet she had very little to do in that department. Obviously Fran’s expectations of practical experience were not met. The other problems identified from the case study that made it unbearable for Fran is the poor organizational structure of dairy engineering. Every organization has components that require profession al and effective management. The key components of an organization are people and structure. Formal organizational structures are hierarchical with people at each level having their own objectives and people at the lower levels report to higher level managers. This system has the principle of unity of command inbuilt in it. This determines the efficiency of the organization which depends on the free flow of information, efficient communication system, well defined authority and responsibilities supported by detailed policies, rules and regulations. An organization must have outlined systems that are understood by everyone in the organization (Ashraf, n.d.). Looking at the Fran scenario in the dairy engineering, there was no formal on boarding process in place. On her first day of work, she was accompanied by a colleague who introduced her to the rest of the team then her boss explained to her what her duties are and she started working. A formal new hire process ensures that new emp loyees like Fran are given the same information with respect to company policies, expectations and procedures that ensures consistency and accuracy (Plowman, 2010). When Fran boss went on leave, Fran took orders from Rob the chief accountant who gave her the opportunity to attend a management workshop in Auckland. When Fran got back, her boss Burton was furious that he had not been consulted and he felt his authority was being undermined.Fran is not to blame since all she did was do as she was told. The

Implementation Of Marketing Strategies In Marvel Inc

Implementation Of Marketing Strategies In Marvel Inc Ronald Perelman an investor brought Marvel and caused a decline in late 1990s when Marvel filed for bankruptcy. This caused chaos in the company and battles were common among the various parties. But like Marvels characters a savior called Toy Biz, Inc came to the rescue and on October 1, 1998 they acquired Marvel Entertainment Group and named it Marvel Enterprises, Inc. After this change the company started to perform and the future was looking better. At present it is owned by The Walt Disney Company and known as Marvel Entertainment, LLC. Marvel provides its services through the means of comics, T.V., movies, toys, video games, etc. and has created a universe of great characters for the audiences. Marvels Characters Profile Marvel has 8000 various characters in all and each of these characters has helped to create Marvel Entertainment, LLC, therefore in this section some of the valuable characters of the company will be identified and what they brought to Marvel. The most famous characters in the Marvel Universe are Spiderman, Wolverine, The Hulk, Captain America the Punisher; these are considered to be among the top 10 comic characters ever (Albert, 2010). Five of Marvels characters are among the top 10 and in terms of market share for the year 2010 Marvel has acquired 45.52% of unit share and 40.66% for dollar share (Doran, 2010), which makes them number one in the world. In addition T.V. and movies have also helped in the popularity of the characters, as due to the release of Spider-Man Trilogy, X-Men Trilogy, Iron Man, The Incredible Hulk, X-Men Origin: Wolverine, etc. in the movie section and The Avengers: Earths Mightiest Heroes, Iron Man Armored Adventure, Wolverine and the X-Men, The Spectacular Spider-Man, etc. have been ruling the T.V. (Marvel Characters, Inc., 2010). Among the five top Marvel characters Spider-Man is considered to be the most popular as the story line has been innovating through the years. The popularity of this character is so huge that every kid and adult appreciates this character and this craze has grown with the release of several comics, T.V. shows, action figures, movies, video games, etc. The story of Spider-Man begins by Peter Parker being bit by a spider that ends up causing a mutation in him, which giving him extra-ordinary powers like climbing walls, shooting webs and a spider sense. The actual cause for this characters popularity was the character Peter Parker (Spider Man) who has issues like every other teenage boy and is also in love with one of the lead characters Mary Jane Watson and together it created not just a superhero story but also a love story that helped to attract teenagers. As for the other characters they also have similar story lines e.g. The Hulk and Captain also got their powers due to mutation, where as Wolverine is a Mutant himself and The Punisher takes revenge for the loss of his loved ones. In terms of villains that Marvel has created characters like Magneto, Doctor Doom, Galactus, Loki, Dark Phoenix and Kingpin, which are also among the top 10 comic book villains. As can be seen in the above table Marvel holds the market in this aspect as well and these characters have also played a major role in the popularity of the comics as people love to see their heroes defeating the most powerful villains. Marvel has always tried to give exactly what their market demands, whether it is their heroes, villains or story line and this has given them great success. Market Segmentation and Distribution Plans Comics Books The most famous characters have been the Spider-Man, X-Men and Fantastic Four and have also provided huge revenues. The major segments could be identified as male teenagers and young adults. These comic books were distributed using three ways which were direct market, mass market and subscription sales basis. The direct market distributers consisted of comic book specialty stores who had a large carrying capacity that could take as many products as Marvel liked; this was also lions share to the net revenue. The mass market consisted of bookstores and newsstands and these were distributed in huge stores like Wal-Mart and Target but offered a limited selection of comics. The subscription sales basis was a concept where the target market could directly purchase comics from Marvel for a subscription fee which tends to be on monthly or yearly basis. In 2003 Marvel sold almost 3.6 million copies and this were divided among the kids teens market and young adult market. The figure below wil l identify the market share of the market segments on the comic books in terms of percentage which is 56% for Young Adults and 44% for Kids and Teens. Figure : Comics Market Segment sales for 2003 Toys Manufacturing Toys are not the major revenue provider for Marvel but play a critical role towards loyalty as the major market for these products are kids from the age of four to twelve and collectors who increase the market value of the products especially action figures. Marvel sold the entire characters toy manufacturing license to TBW a Hong Kong based independent company for a royalty fee of 15% but this was with the exception of Spider-Man who rights belonged to Sony. The marketing and even the sales of these toys were done by Marvel themselves. With exception of some few selected figures that were sold through specialty stores and comic-book stores the figures were sold using the means of retailers, mass merchandisers, mall-order companies and variety stores. In terms of market segmentation kids accounted for 80% and the other 20% were collectors and this will be shown using a pie chart. Figure : Toys Market Segment in terms of Market Share Licensing Motion Pictures Marvel licensed all of their major characters to Movie Companies some of them being Spider-Man to Sony, X-Men to 20th Century Fox, The Hulk to Universal, The Punisher to Lions Gate, etc. and with exception of The Punisher all the other major characters were box office hits. The Movie that has made the most gross revenue was Spider-Man whose production cost was $139M where as the gross revenue was $404M in US and $822M worldwide. In relation to the rights the various studio determine the release timing and strategy but Marvel retained the merchandising rights and never contributed to the movie production marketing expenses. The revenue sharing consisted of 7% to 16% on gross revenue and 50% on the operating profit minus production costs, costs of prints, advertising expenditures, and distribution fees. In terms of market segmentation all of the motion pictures are R or PG-13 rated and this meant that the major segment consisted of Adults above the age of 18, as for the other segments they would teens between the age of 13 and 17. Other Media These are mainly DVD, video games, and also licensing to theme parks, shopping malls and special events. In relation to DVD a certain number of characters appeared in Lions Gate animated DVD and as for video games licensing Marvel have several licensing contracts with various game creators like Activision, Encore, Universal Games, THQ, and Electronic Arts (EA). In terms of market segmentation these were similar to motion pictures and were mainly teenagers and adults. Strategy and Recommendation In this section specific strategy with some recommendations will be mentioned which would help Marvel Enterprises, Inc. to grow and improve their present strategies. Comic-Book Publications At present Marvel is ranked as the best comic book publisher with market share above 40% and some of their recent growth has been due to the Avengers, Siege, Secret Avengers, and Uncanny X-Men and most of their new releases sold for $3.99 which is $1 more than their usual prices which means that even though prices increased the readers were willing to pay for them. In the above table it can be noticed that DC has many more comics in the list than Marvel but in actual The Avenger made huge sales which contributed to the increase in market share of the company. Marvel underperformed with the sales of graphic novels trade paperbacks as DC was able to achieve three of the top five spots (Doran, 2010). This clearly means that Marvel need to reconsider their strategy and they should consider bringing back Wolverine, Spider Man, The Hulk, etc. and even though Deadpool and Iron Man have been in the top ten they still are not one of the major sales characters for Marvel (Doran, 2010). Marvel at present is trying to bring some of the older and non famous characters in to the picture but the issue is that these characters have never been able to attract the market in the past so even considering bringing them would be to some extent risky but instead Marvel could consider making special appearances from some of the more famous characters like Spider Man, Wolverine, The Hulk, etc. and this intern would give the newer character some much needed support to become famous. Toy Production Toys play an important role in creating customer loyalty as kids and adults alike can read or watch their favorite characters and as long as there is nothing new but when it comes to toys and action figures there will always be a continues demand for it, thus it is important to focus more on trying to bring new toys to the market. The most sold toy for Marvel in a decade has been The Hulk Hands which sold 4 million units in 2003 but the thing to notice is that after the release of The Hulk Hands no other toy as mad an impact on the sales, thus Marvel might consider creating newer toys that could be in the same standard as The Hulk Hands. Another strategic issue is their toy makers as at present Marvel produces all their toys from one Toy Company and this is also the reason why there is no new creative ideas coming forth as after some period of time every company exhausts their creativity and resources, consequently the right decision for Marvel would be to change their producers or m ay be even have more than one producers for various characters and this will force competitions between the producers to make newer and better products one of the products that could work is making trading cards like Baseball, WWE, Yu Gi Oh, etc., this is an easy method to keep the children and youngsters interested in the characters. In addition to that the company could also hire an external company to keep a track of the quality and durability of the products this will help to keep the company on their toes thus driving them to success. Motion Pictures Marvel has sold rights of Spider Man, Iron Man, The Hulk, X-Men, etc. to various studios and there are many more characters that have been expected to make the re-entry in the movie industry like Thor, Captain America, Ghost Rider, Deadpool, Magneto, etc. but the issue here is that due to whatever reasons the movies are releasing at an extremely slow pace which to some extent is causing a fall in the market share and according to speculations the major reasons for releasing some of these characters is to make the movie The Avengers which includes some of the most famous characters of Marvel but the issue would be that it would take at least three years for the release as there are at least 3 more characters that have to be released. So a valuable recommendation would be to try to force the studios to release these movies at a quicker pace or to give the rights of the other remaining characters to the other studios as most of these characters could be released at the same time period. Other Recommendation Marvel has to first embrace that DC comics may not be performing well at present but their misfortunes could change quickly thus Marvel needs to understand that DCs major hope in terms of movies, comics and T.V. are Superman and Batman. Batman has recently gained a large market due to the release of The Dark Knight which has shifted the movie market in their favor and this is mainly due to their villain The Joker played by Heath Ledger. On the bright side Marvel has also released several movies that have created interest in the market but to tackle this problem Marvel will need to try and release the Avengers which seems to be the only story in their arsenal that could shift the whole market and at the same time release toys and video games which will help the market growth. Another recommendation would be to take more interest in the companies that are producing their characters whether through toys or movies as any mistake from the companies could truly damage their characters imag e and having control on what goes on in the movie and the toy company would be one of the better options for them and this could easily be done by sending one of their creative personals to be involved in the products.

Utopia on the Horizons of Time in Lukácss The Theory of the Novel Essa

Utopia on the Horizons of Time in Lukà ¡cs's The Theory of the Novel Time is a pivotal term in Georg Lukà ¡cs's The Theory of the Novel for two reasons: the text's "time" describes the time of the novel (the time depicted in novels as described by Lukà ¡cs), but it also bears reflexively on the chronology, or the history of literary forms, which the text itself describes. These readings are not easily separable; The Theory of the Novel must be read as a self-description, as a "theoretical novel" itself (as Freud called Moses and Monotheism), though one whose plot is about the history of forms or the development of plot in human history. That is, both meanings of the title's double genitive must be sustained in a reading of this text; we must look for theory at once about and within the novel, both described and prescribed by the novel. The first question posed by such a reading might be: What is the plot of this novel about The Theory of the Novel? On cursory reading, it seems to be a lapsarian or nostalgic fable of the decline of the epic into the novel. The story it tells is certainly dominated by the refrain "no longer" and an appeal to the simplicity of origins and times gone by, a lament for the separation of meaning from life which marked the fall from the epic into the novel. But this simple chronology itself, this periodization, cannot be sustained: [T]he old parallelism of the transcendental structure of the form-giving subject and the world of created forms has been destroyed, and the ultimate basis of artistic creation has become homeless. ...[T]he novel form is, like no other, an expression of this transcendental homelessness. For the Greeks the fact that their history and the philosophy of history coincided ... ...tion that always keeps trying to "embrace and adorn" life though repulsed; but it can at least be imagined, even acted upon, grounded in "authentic, fruitful, and progressive opposition" (22). As the author of The Theory of the Novel himself warned (123), it is a mistake either purely to romanticize or purely to ironize the youthful failure, for both views must be sustained at once: the utopian and the despairing, the backward glance to the setting sun and the way toward a glimmer of dawn that just might be touching the horizon ahead. Works Cited Benjamin, Walter. "The Storyteller." In Illuminations. Trans. Harry Zohn. New York: Schocken Books, 1968. Lukà ¡cs, Georg. The Theory of the Novel. Trans. Anna Bostock. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1971. Marx, Karl. The German Ideology. Trans. International Publishers. New York: International Publishers, 1970.

Intructional Strategies for Ell Classrooms

There are many different strategies that an instructor can use in ELL classrooms or in classrooms in which ELL students have been mainstreamed. As always, instructors are called upon to constantly modify their curriculum and instruction in order to meet the needs of each individual learner. This is made more possible if the instructor has more knowledge of different teaching methods and strategies. There are many possible research sources that offer ideas, methods and strategies for everyday use in an ELL classroom. Several of the more common or functional strategies will be discussed here. Comprehensible Input There are six prominent areas to consider when creating lesson plans that will help to present the subject material in an organized, understandable manner. These are â€Å"modelling (sic), bridging, contextualisation (sic), building schema, re-presenting text and developing metacognition† (Walqui, 2003). Modeling is simply showing, demonstrating, or asking the student to perform an action or do a project. This hands-on approach is useful for all students but it is particularly helpful with those students who have a language barrier. Bridging, a common constructivist method, involves building on a learner’s previous experience (Gabler, 2003). When dealing with ELL learners, the teacher may have to delve deeper than with average students, into the student’s previous experiences because their country of origin may not have offered the experiences that the educator is accustomed to building on. If they are able to find an experience that the student can relate the new information to, then the student will much better be able to understand the instruction (Gabler, 2003). Contextualization is useful because it presents the same information that one would find in a textbook in a completely different format that can reach the student’s visual, tactile, or auditory modalities. If the student is able to see the information rather than a list of linear facts but instead in a picture, video, demonstration or activity, then the student make learn the concepts or information more quickly and sometimes effortlessly. Building schema gives the students an understanding of the big picture of the new subject or concept before giving them more details. This gives the student a structure that they can build on and relate to. This may help the new information seem less daunting to them and may help develop an anticipation in the student to explore further into the subject. Re-presenting text, is when the teacher asks the students to revisit a text with the intention of presenting it in an alternative way in which the students actively participate (Walqui, 2003). â€Å"This kind of language learning often engages students in the accomplishment of tasks that are interesting and meaningful for them, where the emphasis is placed on the communication that is being carried out rather than on its formal aspects, and where the resulting learning is powerful† (Walqui, 2003). The sixth area for the educator to keep in mind when laying out lesson plans is developing the student’s metacognition. This is defined as the â€Å"understanding of the strategies available for learning a task and the regulatory mechanisms needed to complete the task† (Hallahan, 1997). This particular aspect of ELL instruction can give these students the tools needed to deal with new difficulties, remedy old problems and identify specific needs or problems that they have in their own learning process. The student can even continue to use this knowledge and awareness in their educational endevours after they have achieved English language proficiency. This can also assist average students in their own educational efforts. Ongoing, Specific, and Immediate Feedback Effective teachers often engage in multiple methods of feedback. Ongoing feedback can be in the form of charts, or lists that the teacher, class, or each student creates as they continue learning about a subject. This can show vocabulary words that they have learned, concepts they have mastered, or subjects that they have studied. The teacher can refer back to these lists regularly to reinforce new concepts and build on old ideas. Specific feedback can be integrated into classroom discussions or on student papers, explaining problems or elaborating further on an idea that the student has learned. Immediate feedback can be critical because it can alter the course of the student’s thinking before they become more confused. The teacher who is observant can correct misinformation or misconceptions quickly to avoid further problems in the student’s learning process. This can be a result of classroom discussions, question and answer sessions, and call and response methods. All forms of feedback have benefits and when used together can create a cohesive picture of the student’s abilities and success. Instructional feedback for students can have several benefits ranging from motivating the student to achieve more to helping them develop more refined metacognition and also possibly giving the student a sense of control over their own educational success (Malley, 1994). Grouping structures and techniques Grouping ELL students with â€Å"peer-buddies† or students appointed to assist the ELL student can give the ELL student more opportunities for using conversational English, allow them to receive minor assistance without interrupting the teacher, and give them the opportunity to have â€Å"teacher talk† re-explained to them (Wisconsin, n. . ) Building background and vocabulary development In most subjects, the teacher could develop a list of vocabulary words to help the students complete their understanding of the subjects. An ongoing list of vocabulary words could be a constant resource for students. The definitions would be written in their own words and more understandable to them. When teachers encourage vocabulary development in their students, they may produce better English improvement in the ELL student as a result (Fisher, 2007). Continuous vocabulary expression can encourage the students to learn to enjoy vocabulary expansion. The more comfortable a student is with a word the more frequently they may use it so it stands to reason that the more opportunities that the student has to learn and use new words, the more ingrained into their personal vocabulary the words will become. Presenting an ELL student new words to learn as well as providing opportunities to use the words are likely keys to helping an ELL student become more English language proficient. Classroom discussions, questions and answer sessions, and call and response are three commonly used methods for engaging students in language usage. Student engagement Nearly all of the learning strategies for assisting ELLs in the effort to learn the English language require student involvement. No matter which modality is being tapped into, the student who is involved or engaged will learn any subject more thoroughly and quickly. â€Å"Students usually agree that learning requires work† (Newman, 1992). This work, requires that the students become involved and engaged in their learning. Likely, if a student is willing to work and if the teacher encourages the engagement, then the student will find much better academic success in the end. Conclusion In the end, most instructional strategies that are used are most effective when tailored to each student’s needs. While time restraints may be problematic when attempting to meet individual needs, they may be very helpful for the student who is blessed to be under their tutelage. If teachers are capable of using these strategies to assist their students to help them achieve success in both their to attempt to learn English as well as their academic endeavors. Reference http://eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED371047.pdf

How to Get Hired in Your 50s and 60s

How to Get Hired in Your 50s and 60s Job hunting is hard enough without the additional challenges of age discrimination. While unemployment rates may be low for older workers, the outlook is significantly more grim for those looking for gainful employment: a report from the AARP indicates that the average duration of unemployment was a whopping 54.3 weeks for people over the age of 55 - compared with 28.2 weeks for their younger counterparts. So what’s a savvy 50-plus job-seeker to do? Let’s take a closer look at the best job hunting strategies for today’s older workers. Don’t WaitBecause the road to a new job may be longer, it pays to start searching right away as opposed to waiting until your unemployment runs out. While you may feel like you have a lot of time, you have a greater chance of finding a job that’s the right fit if you give yourself longer to look. Plus, it can help you avoid falling victim to a dangerous cycle: the longer the gap is on your resume, the more difficult i t may be to be hired again.Refining Your ResumeOne of the tricks of undertaking a job search as an older worker is in highlighting your strengths in a resume without laying it on too thick or looking overqualified.The days of the one-size-fits-all resume are gone. Take time to craft a targeted resume which highlights your most recent accomplishments, along with any new talents you’ve developed as they pertain to the job for which you’re applying.Many older job seekers have success with functional resumes, as opposed to chronological resumes.Networking, Two WaysSocial media has opened up a whole new world of networking opportunities. The benefits of age gives you a head start: you likely have plenty of professional connections to call on from throughout your career. Today’s employers are increasingly looking for a good â€Å"fit† for the company culture, and nothing speaks to this better than word-of-mouth from a current employee. But this only works if yo u let people know you are looking so don’t be afraid to put yourself out there.Face-to-face time is also important, and this is an area where you are likely to shine thanks to a lifetime of experience interacting with a diversity of people and relationship building.Be Tech-SavvyThe 21st century workplace demands workers with 21st century skills. Technological abilities are at the top of the list. If your comfort level with computers is low, consider taking a class. This will not only build your skill set and confidence, but also demonstrates appealing initiative to potential employers.One simple way to make a positive impression? Create a LinkedIn profile and include a link to it on your resume. In an era where collaboration counts, this shows you’re able to communicate in the digital age.Show Your InterestThe last thing you want an employer to think is that you’re applying for a job because you have no other options. Make sure you are enthusiastic about why you are the right candidate for the job. Just be careful not to come off as too qualified: a younger manager may feel like you’re out for his/her job.Also, avoid making reference to your age during the interview, or to the age of the person interviewing you to avoid creating an uncomfortable or awkward situation.While you will face some obstacles as an older job seeker, they are not insurmountable, particularly if you apply these helpful tips and techniques. Perhaps the most important piece of advice for 50 and over job seekers? While age might not be an advantage on the job hunt, it certainly has its benefits. Use your experience to demonstrate a successful history of on-the-job problem-solving, critical thinking, and quantifiable results - many of which can only be achieved over time.Joanna Hughes writes on all things finance, business and human resources.

USS Arizona Memorial essays

USS Arizona Memorial essays December 7th, 1941, was the opening of World War 2, in the Pacific arena. In 1931, Japan invaded China's northern parts and then in 1937, Japan announced a full invasion of China. The United States couldn't just stand by and let Japan take over Asia's parts, so they moved their fleets to Pearl Harbor. The strongest ships were the battleships, which were named after the states of the union. U.S. Arizona was made in 1915 and then was Rebuilt and updated in 1930. The ship was surrounded with over 8,000 tons of armor plating and had 14" guns that could shoot bullets over 20 miles. Since President Theodore Roosevelt didn't like that idea of just standing around and letting Japan take over Asia, he ordered that the U.S. stop all shipments and deliveries of American oil to Japan. American oil was very important to Japan and so they were upset and had to take charge. The U.S. knew that a surprise attack in Pearl Harbor could happen and they thought they were ready for it. U.S. Commanding o fficer Hudman E. Kimmel sent out his fleets to exercise and prepare just in case the Japanese decided to plan an attack. On November 26th, 1941, Japan sent 6 aircraft carriers to Hawaii. The U.S. had up to date radar's, and anti- cap guns that could help protect Oahu.Wheeler Airforce base watched the skies and if signaled by Wheeler, Hickam Airforce base could attack the Japanese Fleets before they were even ready for the attack. The night before the attack, December 6th, 1941, the band on Arizona was holding a band concert on board and no one thought that that would be they're last day of peace. At 6 a.m., 220 miles north of Oahu, the still undetected aircraft carriers of Japan sent their planes to Pearl Harbor. First they sent off the Fighters, then the Attack Planes (that had special bombs to hit and sink battleships, or Torpedo's that were made to run in the shallow water of Pearl Harbor), and last were the Dive Bombers. There w ...

Literary Analysis with 7 sources on William Faulkner's A Rose for Essay

Literary Analysis with 7 sources on William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily - Essay Example The representation of death and decay, involving the house, the town, and Emily herself are shown through her relationships with the male characters of the story. Emily symbolizes the victimized generation in South America after the civil war. She also stands as a metaphor of changes in womanhood and the society. This paper is a critical appreciation of the story. The central character in the story, Emily Grierson, stands as a symbol, representing a tradition. She is given the responsibility of upholding that tradition. The unknown narrator in the story calls her a â€Å"fallen monument†. Faulkner deliberately takes a woman to represent a fading tradition. Her emotions are shaped by her community which is responsible for creating such female victims. As Abby H. P. Weslock has written in her brief note on feminism, â€Å"A feminist critique, however, reveals Emily as a casualty of patriarchy and literally of her own father and lover† (Abby 245). She is both an idol and a victim because she is admired for keeping the tradition and also victimized for doing her duty. At the surface level, the story is about death, murder, and the changes in the social conditions during a transition period in America. However, at the bottom level, the theme is love and passion. Emily very desperately needs a man. Her passions were suppressed by the conventions of her society in which she lived, and she had absolutely no control over the situations. The narrator comments that â€Å"even with insanity in the family she wouldn't have turned down all of her chances if they had really materialized† (Faulkner). The only white light in her life is seen when Baron steps in, but that too does not last. The denial of this only chance drives her into insanity, turning her into a murderer. â€Å"We remembered all the young men her father had driven away†, points out the narrator (Faulkner). Emily, therefore, lives as a representative of those who made her pace betwe en social obligations and physical passion. She is a fine example showing how one’s passions turn into psychic illness. In short, her case is that of necrophilia. The attitudes of the people in the town serves as a contrast to Emily’s options in her life: she is â€Å"a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town† (Faulkner). In other words, the attitudes of the people are patriarchal. Emily lives an isolated life, â€Å"no visitor had passed since she ceased giving china-painting lessons eight or ten years earlier† (Faulkner). It is important to note that her miseries are not the result of her actions in life. In fact, she has no choice to act. The imagery used by the narrator to show the quantum of her isolation is: â€Å"She looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water† (Faulkner). The story can, therefore, be called a sexist text, because, basically it deals with the victimization of female sex. However, the narrator remains n eutral to the old and new attitudes, leaving the readers to decide who wins, whether man or Emily. Robert Crosman observes that â€Å"If there is a battle between the sexes in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, the reader must decide who wins† (Robert 361). Faulkner thus very cleverly involves the readers too with his skilful narrative techniques for judging Emily’s actions in the old mansion. A second closer look at how the tradition of patriarchy has made her insane is imperative. The story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily

Work issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Work issues - Assignment Example Due to the shortage, nurses have to extend their working hours under hectic, demanding, and traumatic situations. This elevates their chances of experiencing fatigue, are more likely to be harmed as a result of loss of concentration caused by tiredness, and are also likely to appear more de-motivated in their work. Long working hours also increasing the chance of medical errors (Maville and Huerta, 2012). According to Maville and Huerta (2012), "Lack of necessary manpower to provide this care will result to work-related stress; poor health practices such as skipping meals, overeating, or excessive drinking off alcohol; working long hours; and possibly physical and mental exhaustion or profession dropout" (p. 441). It is also worth noting that the quality of health care as well as delivery is affected by nursing shortages. Less motivated nurses as a result of being overworked are more likely to deliver low quality services. Delivery of services is affected as patients have to wait for long hours queuing in health institutions as a result of inadequate nurse to patient ratio (Maville and Huerta, 2012). In conclusion, inadequate number of nurses attending to the high number of patients in many health institutions can have health consequences on the part of nurse due to long working hours, low levels of concentration on their work, low levels of motivation, and also patient spend a lot of time

Intravenous Paracetamol to manage pain Research Proposal

Intravenous Paracetamol to manage pain - Research Proposal Example Patients are bound to experience pain after the effect of anaesthesia given before surgery is finally gone. White et al (2010) had reported a result of surveys in Europe and the USA, stating the need to improve the quality of managing pain after surgeries. The practice then was to use opioids which have multiple adverse effects (AEs): constipation, urinary retention, vomiting/nausea, allergic reactions, confusion, sedation, respiratory depression, and hypotension. These AEs increased the cost of hospitalization and delayed the recovery of patients. A better way of managing pain was then under clinical trials for 15 years. It involved the use of analgesics that require less opioids. There was no FDA approved Intravenous Acetaminophen at that time. Cadence Pharmaceuticals Inc. patented the first I.V. Paracetamol in July 8, 2011 (US SEC 2011) and produced Ofirmev which, until the present, does not have a competitor worldwide due to the recognized protection for intellectual property. Th is gathered evidence about the efficacy and safety of using Ofirmev (the only available US FDA approved Intravenous Acetaminophen in the market), how it benefits patients, and actually improved the quality of pain management. There were evidences based on actual clinical trials with patients that proved the efficacy and safety of Intravenous Paracetamol to neonates, infants, children, adolescents, adults, and even the elderly with age 65 years old and above, for mild, moderate, and severe cases of pain, especially postoperative pain. Introduction Focus is given to the extent of actual benefits observed in many clinical trials, limitations, and clarifications pertaining to the use of I.V. Paracetamol use for postoperative pain management. As a background, over a year after the introduction of the US FDA approved injectable pain reliever under the brand name Ofirmev, doctors have pursued further clinical trials in Europe and the USA covering thousands of patients. One of the reference s of this paper took the effort to search for registered clinical trials in order to learn more about efficacy, safety, proportion of patients who responded favourably or not, to mostly postoperative cases. It would be interesting to know under what conditions I.V. Acetaminophen should be administered to patients. What procedures were followed? Why? There are very young to very old patients who encounter the need for surgery. How should it be given? In actual experiences, was it safe to administer the use of this analgesic to any of such patients? What are the chances of having a satisfied postoperative patient after using Ofirmev? For one thing, doctors excluded patients with symptoms pointing to contraindications against the use of Intravenous Acetaminophen. These are situations wherein patients have severe liver disease, hepatic impairment and active hepatic disease, allergic to acetaminophen, chronic malnutrition, severe renal impairment, and to patients with history of being al coholic. The US FDA (2012a) announced that the limitation per dosage of acetaminophen should be 325 mg. while the total maximum dosage per day must not exceed 4 grams. For infants, the recommended dose of the US FDA for acetaminophen in vial is only 50 mL per child weighing less than 33 kg. (US FDA 2012b, p.12) There were cases of acetaminophen over dosages in infants and adults in the past. For adults, from 1998 to 2003, a total of 131 people experienced â€Å"acute liver failure in the United States† due to acetaminophen overdose (US FDA 2012a). Nonetheless, the medical practice has changed from using mostly opioids like morphine and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to the preferred use of Intravenous Acetaminophen in combination with less opioids only when needed, for reasons that will be disclosed in this paper. Problem and Purpose Quality management of postoperative pain requires provisions for the comfortable recovery of patients right after surgery. Unfor tunately, the use of opioids to

Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Global Warming Essay Global Warming is an issue that concerns almost everybody worldwide: it is the primary cause for the erratic and sometimes devastating weather that is experienced around the world. Global warming is causing the rise in sea level which in turn causes the flooding of coastal areas and areas with low elevation. Is global warming really happening today? Scientists with the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) believe it is so. It is indisputable that there has been a rise in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere during the last century, which scientists think may be one of the causes of global warming. II. Discussion A. Global Warming and doomsday Will global warming spell doom for our world? Scientists believe this to be so. Much depends on what actions we take now and in the coming years. Meteorologist Jagadish Shukla of the University of Maryland found out that deforestation would cause rainfall in the Amazon River to decline by more than 26 percent from the current 2. 5 m. to about 1. 8 m. a year. At the same time, the burning of fossil fuels, particularly coal and oil, produces sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides which are hazardous to the atmosphere. Findings show that a single smokestack may produce as much as 500 tons of sulfur dioxide a day. When these gases combine with oxygen and moisture, sulfuric acid and nitric acid is formed. The rain will carry the acids to the ground (acid rain) which may cause the depletion of calcium and magnesium in the soil, elements needed by plants for the formation of chlorophyll and wood, or it may cause the release of aluminum in the soil, which are poisonous and can kill the roots of trees (Carwardine, 2000). According to Dr. Sadik, UN population fund’s director, said that the more people increased pressure on already stressed lands, forests and water supplies. Other sources of climatic change were attributed to some forms of gases such as nitrous oxide, methane and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (Cronin, 2001). Nitrous oxide or laughing gas is a colorless gas with a sweet taste and odor that is used as an anaesthetic in minor surgery that H2O is responsible for about 6 percent of the human contributes to greenhouse warming. Methane or cow gas, on the other hand, makes up about 18 percent of human contributions to greenhouse effect. Cattle, sheep, goats, and other cud-chewing animals give off methane, in burps and flatulence as they digest. CFCs was discovered by Thomas Widgley Jr. , a chemist working at the Frigidaire Division of General Motors, used as coolants in refrigerators and air conditioners and aerosol propellants in spray cans, medical sterilizers, cleaning solvents for electronic components and raw materials for making plastic foams such as coffee cups. CFCs are estimated to account for 14 percent of global warming. Experts said that what is happening right now is not a matter of adding a few degrees to the average temperature of a community. A rise of this magnitude may cause life, for without the environment, creatures on earth cannot survive (Davidson, 2003). B. Recommendations a. ) Recycling and Reuse of Solid Wastes Solid wastes are now viewed as a potential resource which must be recovered and reused whenever possible. Since disposal forest resources are rapidly being depleted, recycling solid wastes offer a solution to both. Consider the element phosphorus. Mined from phosphate ores, it is manufactured into fertilizers. It enters the plant tissues and we obtain it when we eat plant as vegetable. This is later excreted and joins the sewage system. The sewage system sludge can be used directly as fertilizer or soil conditioner. b. ) Conserving our Forests Every now and then we receive alarming news about our forests being denuded. Big logging concessionaires indiscriminately cut down trees without undertaking reforestation measures. III. Conclusion Of all issues affecting humanity, climate change is the most pervasive and truly global, posing a very real and serious threat to our environment. Climate change is the alteration of the pattern of global climate that may be due to human activity that alters the composition of the atmosphere. If present day emissions of greenhouse gases continue, it is estimated that the rate of increase in global mean temperatures will reach about 0. 3o C per decade. This will mean a likely increase of 1o C above the present level by the year 2025, and 3o C before the end of the next century. Reference: 1. Carwardine, Mark (2000). The WWF Environment Handbook. London: Macdonald Optima. Attractively illustrated handbook for the general reader. 2. Cronin, Helena (2001). The Ant and the Peacock: Altruism and Sexual Selection from Darwin to Today. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 2, 3, 4 (pp. 7-110). 3. Davidson, Joan (2003). How Green is your City? Pioneering Approaches to Environmental Action. London: Bedford Square Press. Guide to community action for urban renewal.

All Around the Town :: All Around the Town

All Around the Town    Mary Higgins Clark started her writing career writing suspense stories and she hasn't changed very much since then.   All her books are very interesting to read and they will always keep your attention to the end.  Ã‚     All Around the Town was one of the stories written by Mary Higgins Clark.   This book was a suspenseful, interesting, intriguing book.   It held my interest until the end.   The plot was twisty and unpredictable which meant that I would never get bored.   The story takes place in Ridgewood, New Jersey.   It takes place from June 1974 to about September 1991.   This effects the rest of the story because this is the time period that the main character had her abduction and her multiple personalities started to form.     The main character in this story was Laurie Kenyon, a four year old girl in the beginning of the story who eventually grows up to be a twenty-one year old woman.   She has blond hair, green eyes and a fragile little body.   Sarah Kenyon is present throughout the story.   She is Laurie's sister and helps Laurie deal with all her problems as best she can.   Bic and Opal were Laurie's abductors.   Bic had a beard and his arms had a lot of curly hair.   He was a very domineering person towards Opal and Laurie.   Opal had long stringy hair and had a plain face.   She was passive and did whatever she was told.   They were con-artist who fooled everyone they met.   They were mean and didn't care about anybody else but themselves.   Justin Donnelly was the psychiatrist who helped Laurie with therapy and helped find the real person that was within her all along.     The story begins when Laurie Kenyon was abducted by Bic and Opal when she was four years old.   They abused her sexually and mentally when they had her for those two, long, tedious years.   When they were doing these things to her such as sexually abusing her she would place herself in a different state of mind, which over time began to be her altered personalities.   She had four main altered personalities which were Leona, the woman in Laurie, Debbie, the baby or woos, Kate, the strong leader of the bunch, and Lee, the little scared shy nine year old boy who helped, in the end, bring all the personalities together as one.

Some People Think Parents Should Read or Tell Stories to Children

Some people think parents should read or tell stories to children, while others think parents need not do that, as children can read books, watch TVs or movies by themselves. Discuss both views and give your opinion. Parenting is always a heated topic in our society. What is the best way for children to read and learn? Some people insist on the more traditional method by reading or telling stories to children rather than letting children learn by themselves through books, TV and internet . As far as I am concerned, two complementary methods are necessary to be applied to motivate children to read and learn.It is evident that reading or telling stories to their children is not only a way of learning but also a good approach to strenghten the tie between parents and children. It brings much more happiness to families and make family bond closer. Furthermore reading or telling stories to children is a a more entertaining method thought which children get more enjoyment and a metheod chi ldren perhaps prefer. Consequently children`s interest in reading and learning would easily be motivated. Many of us could remember the lovely moment when we were looking forward to listening for stories before we went to bed.However, independent learning is a vital capacity for â€Å"old† children and young adults. Therefore parents should encourage their children to read and learn by themselves, searching information through various sources such as books, internet as well as TV. For children would be growing up and be independent to face the complicated society one day. This ability would help them much no matter what they do in the future. To sum up, each method discussed above has its merit to be considered as a proper way which parents employ to foster their children a good reading and learning habit and ability.

Research Paper on Crohn’s Disease Essay

Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It causes inflammation of the lining of your digestive tract, which can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea and even malnutrition. Inflammation caused by Crohn’s disease can involve different areas of the digestive tract in different people. The inflammation caused by Crohn’s disease often spreads deep into the layers of affected bowel tissue. Like ulcerative colitis, another common IBD, Crohn’s disease can be both painful and debilitating, and sometimes may lead to life-threatening complications. Although it may involve any part of the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus, it most commonly affects the last part of the small intestine (ileum) and/or the large intestine (colon and rectum). Any age group may be affected, but the majority of patients are young adults between 16 and 40 years old. Crohn’s disease occurs most commonly in people living in northern climates. It affects men and women equally and appears to be common in some families. About 20 percent of people with Crohn’s disease have a relative, most often a brother or sister, and sometimes a parent or child, with some form of inflammatory bowel disease. Patients with Crohn’s disease can feel pain; the condition makes the intestines empty frequently, resulting in diarrhea. Crohn’s disease is not contagious, but it does have a slight genetic (inherited) tendency. An x-ray study of the small intestine may be used to diagnose Crohn’s disease. The exact cause of this disease is unknown. Crohn’s disease symptoms will often vary depending on which part of the gut is affected. When the wall of the affected part of the gut is inflamed, the patient may experience the following symptoms: Pain – the level of pain varies according to the patient, and where the inflammation is in the gut. Most commonly, pain will be felt at the lower-right side of the abdomen; because the majority of inflammations are locate in the ileum (lower end of the small intestine).Ulcers in the gut – ulcers are raw areas in the gut that may bleed. If they do bleed the patient may notice blood in his/her stools .Mouth ulcers – mouth ulcers are commonly experienced by people with Crohn’s disease. Diarrhea – can be mild to very severe. Sometimes there may be mucus, blood. The patient may want to go and find there is nothing to pass. Fatigue – patients with Crohn’s disease may  sometimes feel extremely tired. Fever is also possible during fatigue. Altered appetite – generally, people with Crohn’s disease have periods when their appetite is very low. Weight loss – this is common, especially when the patient experiences loss of appetite. Anemia – if the patient is losing blood there is a risk of anemia. Rectal bleeding and anal fissures – when the skin of the anus becomes cracked there will be anal fissures. These may become painful and can bleed. There is no â€Å"cure† for Crohn’s disease, but medical therapy with one or more drugs provides a means to treat early Crohn’s disease and relieve its symptoms. The most common drugs prescribed are corticosteroids, such as prednisone and methylprednisolone, and various anti-inflammatory agents. The main treatment for Crohn’s disease is medicine to stop the inflammation in the intestine and medicine to prevent flare-ups and keep the individual in remission. Treatment may include medications, surgery, nutrition supplementation, or a combination of these options; these are some of the medications used in the treatment: Anti-inflammation medications, Cortisone or steroids, Immune system suppressors, Biological therapies, Antibiotics, Anti-diarrheal medications and fluid replacements. Children with Crohn’s disease may need high-calorie liquid formulas, especially if their growth is being affected. The majority of Crohn’s disease patients will nee d surgery at some time. When medications no longer control symptoms the only solution sometimes is to operate. Surgery can relieve symptoms that did not respond to medication, or to correct complications, such as abscess, perforation, bleeding, and blockage. Removing part of the intestine can help, but it does not cure Crohn’s disease. Inflammation often returns to the area next to where the affected part of the gut was removed. Some Crohn’s disease patients may require more than one operation during their lives. Hypnotherapy is a healing approach that creates a state of deep relaxation and heightened concentration. A report published in 2000 indicates that hypnotherapy shows promise as a means of improving immune function and relieving symptoms in people with Crohn’s disease In a 2004 study, patients with mild to moderately active Crohn’s disease had a decrease in disease activity after receiving 10 sessions of acupuncture (a needle-based therapy long used to treat inflammatory bowel disease in traditional Chinese  medicine). In addition to taking medications an d making dietary changes, certain lifestyle changes may help those with Crohn’s disease. Living with the condition often means making changes such as quitting the use of tobacco products and reducing stress. People with Crohn’s disease may also benefit from receiving counseling or support. your diet to control your symptoms. You might need to: Limit dairy products, try low-fat foods Experiment with how much protein and fiber you eat avoid problem â€Å"gassy† foods and eat smaller and more frequent meals. Many people with Crohn’s are lactose intolerant. Luckily, there’s a great dairy alternative: almond milk, which is made from ground-up almonds and can be fortified to contain as much calcium as regular milk. Exercise helps people with Crohn’s disease, both in terms of maintaining health and reducing stress. Exercise is considered safe for people with Crohn’s disease, but anyone with a chronic illness should talk to their doctor before starting a new exercise or fitness regimen. It is especially important for people with Crohnâ⠂¬â„¢s disease to drink water before and during exercise to prevent dehydration. Avoid extreme changes in body temperature during exercise. Citations Wong, C. (2012, September 19). Natural Remedies for Crohn’s Disease. Alternative Medicine – Everything You Need to Know About Alternative Medicine. Retrieved January 14, 2013, from http://altmedicine.about.com/od/crohnsdisease/a/crohns_alttherapies.htm N.P. (2009, May 28). â€Å"What Is Crohn’s Disease? What Causes Crohn’s Disease?.† Medical News Today. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/151620.php. Ehrlich, S. (2012, December 31). Crohn’s disease. University of Maryland Medical Center | Home. Retrieved January 15, 13, from http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/crohns-disease-000043.htm

The Quran Essays

The Quran Essays The Quran Paper The Quran Paper Quranic revelations are regarded by Muslims as the words of God, intended to correct any errors or differences in previous holy books such as the Old and New Testaments. The Quran specifically mentions that Muhammad was the messenger to the whole of mankind, and that he is the last messenger to be sent. The Quran is the final message that reiterates the basic religion God ordained for the Jews and the Christians, as well as the Muslims. Muslims also believe that the book was sent down to human kind in order to put everything into the correct perspective or position. The Quran was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad by God in Arabic. The Quran is regarded by Muslims as a book of signs not science although the Quran contains many scientific statements in various topics including embryology and the creation of the earth. The Qur’an teaches that everyone is equal in the sight of God regardless of their skin colour or their background. The Qur’an calls everyone to tawheed (oneness of God) and that there will be a time in which every human will be accountable for their action. Muslims believe that the Quran is different from all other books in ways that are impossible for any other book to be, such that similar texts cannot be written by humans. The Quran itself challenges any who disagree with its divine origin to produce a text of a miraculous nature. Scholars of Islam believe that its poetic form is unique and of a fashion that cannot be written by humans. There are 114 chapters in the Quran, which is written in the Arabic language. Out of the 114 chapters, 86 were revealed in the twelve years that the Prophet lived in Mecca after the revelation. The other 28 chapters were revealed in Medina. The longest chapter of the Quran is Surah Baqarah (The Cow) with 286 verses and the shortest is Surah Al-Kauthar (abundance) which has 3 verses. The Quran is sometimes divided into 30 roughly equal parts, known as ‘juz. These divisions make it easier for Muslims to read the Quran during the course of a month and many will read one juz each day, particularly during the month of Ramadan. Translations of the Quran exist in over 40 languages but Muslims are still taught to learn and recite it in Arabic, even if this is not their native language and they cannot converse in it. Translations are also considered by most Muslims as new versions of the book, rather than as translations in the conventional sense. In my opinion the Qur’an is a unique book due to the scientific statements which have been discovered recently using advanced technology. Beside that the Quran is also unique because of the structure and accuracy. One of the most remarkable things about the Quran is that it’s still the same book for the past 1400 years.

Image Processing and Enhancement Essay Example

Image Processing and Enhancement Essay Example Image Processing and Enhancement Essay Image Processing and Enhancement Essay Remote sensing (RS), also called earth observation, refers to obtaining information about objects or areas at the Earth? s surface without being in direct contact with the object or area. Humans accomplish this task with aid of eyes or by the sense of smell or hearing; so, remote sensing is day-today business for people.Remote sensing can be broadly defined as the collection and interpretation of information about an object, area, or event without being in physical contact with the object. Remote-sensing data play a growing role in studies of natural and semi natural environments, a role that stretches from a visual interpretation to sophisticated extraction of information by advanced image analysis and statistical algorithms. In their raw form, as received from imaging sensors mounted on satellite platforms, remotelysensed data generally contain flaws or deficiencies with respect to a particular application.To extract basic information from remotely-sensed data the flaws or deficiencies must remove or corrected. In this paper I will try to describes some important general means of image correction because it is difficult to decide what should be included under the heading of image correction, since the definition of what is, or is not, a deficiency in the data depends to a considerable extent on the use to which those data are to be put. So I will discuss the title like image Preprocessing, Digital image, image enhancement and other important titles related to Image correction and better image interpretation means.The other idea raised and discussed in this paper is the relationship between vegetation index and vegetation degradation by using remotely sensed data. 2. Function of image preprocessing and its importance for image Analysis The function of an image preprocessing is a means to applying some methods in order to correct image deficiencies and removal of flaws before using the images for other purposes. Mather and Koch (2011) stated that In their raw form, as received from imaging sensors mounted on satellite platforms, remotelys 1 a) before haze removal b) After haze removal 2 Figure 3 Haze Reduction 5 B) Sun angle correction According to Bakker and et al. (2011) stated that The position of the sun relative to the earth changes depending on time of the day and the day of the year. As a result, the image data of different seasons are acquired under different solar illumination. An absolute correction involves dividing the DN-values in the image data by the sine of the solar elevation angle. Landsat 7 ETM+ color infrared composites acquired with different sun angle. (A) The left image was acquired with a sun elevation of 37Â ° and right image. B) With a sun elevation of 42Â °. The difference in reflectance is clearly shown. (C) (B) The left image was corrected to meet the right image. Figure 4 Sun angle Correction 2. 2. Geometric Correction Geometric distortion is an error on image which occurred by one of the two possibilities either internally on the geometry of the sensor or externally the altitude of the sensor or the shape of the object. Supporting to this idea Kuznetsov and et al. (2012) describe that geometric distortion is an error on image, between the actual image coordinates and the ideal image coordinates.Geometric distortion is classified in to internal distortion resultin g from the geometry of the sensor and external distortion resulting from the altitude of the sensor or the shape of the object. 6 To correct such geometric distortion on the image we should use different geometric correction methods. Murayam and Dassanayake (2010) stated that geometric corrections include correcting for geometric distortions due to sensor-Earth geometry variations, and conversion of the data to real world coordinates (e. g. latitude and longitude) on the Earths surface.Conversion of the data to real world coordinates are carried by analyzing well distributed Ground Control Points (GCPs). This is done in two steps Geo-referencing: This involves the calculation of the appropriate transformation from image to terrain coordinates. Landsat 30m ETM+ Image Quickbird . 7m Natural Color Image Ground control points are identified between the two images in recognizable locations. These points should be static relative to temporal change. In this case road intersections are the best source of GCP’s. Features that move through time (i. e. horelines, etc. ) should be avoided if possible. Figure 5 Georeferencing Geocoding: This step involves resembling the image to obtain a new image in which all pixels are correctly positioned within the terrain coordinate system. Resampling is used to determine the digital values to place in the new pixel locations of the corrected output image. Figure 6 Geo coding 7 There are different techniques of resampling methods according Murayam and Dassanayake (2010) there is three techniques of resampling: 1. Nearest Neighborhood 2. Bi-linear interpolation 3. Cubic Convolution 1.Nearest Neighborhood According to Rees (2011) the nearest neighbor approach uses the value of the closest input pixel for the output pixel value. To determine the nearest neighbor, the algorithm uses the inverse of the transformation matrix to calculate the image file coordinates of the desired geographic coordinate. The pixel value occupying the c losest image file coordinate to the estimated coordinate will be used for the output pixel value in the geo-referenced image. This means that the nearest pixel value has more influence than apart pixel. Figure7.Nearest Neighborhood ADVANTAGES: Output values are the original input values. Other methods of resampling tend to average surrounding values. This may be an important consideration when discriminating between vegetation types or locating boundaries. Since original data are retained, this method is recommended before classification. Easy to compute and therefore fastest to use. DISADVANTAGES: Produces a choppy, stair-stepped effect. The image has a rough appearance relative to the original un-rectified data. Data values may be lost, while other values may be duplicated.Figure 1 shows an input file (orange) with a yellow output file superimposed. Input values closest to the center of each output cell are sent to the output file to the right. Notice that values 13 and 22 ar e lost while values 14 and 24 are duplicated. 8 2. Bi-linear interpolation The bilinear interpolation approach uses the weighted average of the nearest four pixels to the output pixel. Figure8. Bi-linear interpolation ADVANTAGES: Stair-step effect caused by the nearest neighbor approach is reduced. Image looks smooth. DISADVANTAGES: Alters original data and reduces contrast by averaging neighboring values together. Is computationally more expensive than nearest neighbor. 3. Cubic Convolution The cubic convolution approach uses the weighted average of the nearest sixteen pixels to the output pixel. The output is similar to bilinear interpolation, but the smoothing effect caused by the averaging of surrounding input pixel values is more dramatic. Figure9. Cubic Convolution ADVANTAGES: Stair-step effect caused by the nearest neighbor approach is reduced. Image looks smooth. DISADVANTAGES: Alters original data and reduces contrast by averaging neighboring values together. Is computa tionally more expensive than nearest neighbor or bilinear interpolation. In general image preprocessing is very essential step for better image analysis and interpretation because it corrects different types of image distortion. 9 Similar to this idea Murayam and Dassanayake (2010) stated that preprocessing includes data operation which normally precedes further manipulation and analysis of the image data to extract specific information. These operations aim to correct distorted or degraded image data to create a more faithful representation of the original scene. . Digital Image Formats and Its Arrangement According to Visual Resource Centre School of Humanities (2011) Digital images are electronic representations of images that are stored on a computer. The most important thing to understand about digital images is that you can? t see them and they don? t have any physical size until they are displayed on a screen or printed on paper. Until that point, they are just a collection o f numbers on the computer? s hard drive that describe the individual elements of a picture and how they are arranged.These elements are called pixel and they are arranged in a grid format with each pixel containing information about its color or intensity. Most of the time Band interleaved by line (BIL), band interleaved by pixel (BIP), and band sequential (BSQ) take as image digital format but this is not true rather they are schemes for storing the actual pixel values of an image in a file. Figure 10 Digital Data Format 10 According to ESRI resource center there are three common image digital formats these are Band interleaved by line (BIL), band interleaved by pixel BIP), and band sequential (BSQ) are three common methods of organizing image data for multiband images. BIL, BIP, and BSQ are not in themselves image formats but are schemes for storing the actual pixel values of an image in a file. While Visual Resource Centre School of Humanities (2010) there are four main file form ats for images: TIFF, JPEG, PNG and GIF. TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) Description: TIFF images are usually used for master image files. They contain image information in a lossless format (i. e. no image information is lost when images are saved) and so tend to be fairly large in size.They are therefore a good format for archiving images, but the large file size makes it an unsuitable format for use in web delivery or in presentation software, such as PowerPoint. Good for: master copies of images as all image information is retained when files are saved (lossless format). But: file sizes tend to be large due to lossless format, so TIFF files are not suitable for web delivery or inclusion in PowerPoint presentations. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) Description: This is the main format that is used for photographic-type images on the web.It is a „lossy? format: images are compressed when saved and so image information is lost each time the image is edited and saved. T he benefit of compression is a reduction in file size, but the down side is that if too much compression is applied, visible artefacts such as highlighting around areas of high contrast may occur. The following images show the effects on quality and file size of differing levels of compression on the same JPEG image notice the blurring around the edges of the statue in the final image.Good for: web delivery of photographic images due to ability to compress images without too much loss of quality, therefore giving smaller file sizes than TIFF formats. But: too much compression can lead to a loss of quality so care needs to be taken with the quality setting used when saving images. GIF (Graphical Interchange Format) 11 Description: Another format encountered on the Internet, the GIF format is usually used for icons or graphics that contain a limited range of flat colors. It is a lossless format (no information is lost when saving), but as limited color capabilities and so is not suit able for displaying photographs. Good for: web delivery of icons and graphics due to small file size and lossless format. But: supports limited range of colors, so is only suitable for certain types of images. PNG (Portable network graphics) Description: PNG is a relatively new web graphics format, designed primarily to replace the GIF format for use on the Internet, and potentially rival TIFF in the long term as an archival format due to its better compression performance.Its main advantages over GIF are an improved lossless compression method and support for „true color. Although software support for the PNG format has been slow in developing, this is now beginning to change and it may become a more common format in the future. Good for: web delivery due to lossless compression technique resulting in files of small size but high quality. But: JPEG format gives better results for photographic images, and older web browsers and programs may not support the PNG format. 4. Purpo se of image enhancement and Method of Image Enhancement 4. 1.Purpose of Image Enhancement The purpose of image enhancement is forming good contrast to visualize images in a better way in order to understand or extract the intended information from the image. Similarly Vij and singh (2008) discussed Image enhancement is a mean as the improvement of an image appearance by increasing dominance of some features or by decreasing ambiguity between different regions of the image. Image enhancement processes consist of a collection of techniques that seek to improve the visual appearance of an image or to convert the image to a form better suited for analysis by a human or machine.The other writers Shankar Ray (2011) also describe, Image enhancement is the modification of image, by changing the pixel brightness values, to improve its visual impact. Image enhancement techniques are performed by deriving the new brightness value for a pixel either from its existing value or from the brightnes s values of a set of surrounding pixels. 12 4. 2. Method of Image Enhancement According to Department of US Army (2003) method of image enhancement classified in to four these are 1) Contrast enhancement 2) band ratio 3) spatial filtering and 4) principle components.The type of enhancement performed will depend on the appearance of the original scene and the goal of the interpretation. This indicate that performing all methods of enhancement for one image may not be necessary and selection of methods are vary depending on for what purpose the image is prepared or what type of information is extracted from the image. 1) Contrast enhancement-such types of enhancement mostly occur to increase the brightness of the image by changing the DN Values of the image. According to Al-amri (2011) one of the most important quality factors in satellite images comes from its contrast.Contrast enhancement is frequently referred to as one of the most important issues in image processing. Contrast str etching is an enhancement method performed on an image for locally adjusting each picture element value to improve the visualization of structures in both darkest and lightest portions of the image at the same time. Of course there are different techniques of image contrast enhancement like Liner contrast, histogram equalization, histogram stretch and the like but the mean idea is discussed on above even though there is slight difference performing each techniques.Before contrast enhancement Figure 11 Contrast Enhancement 13 After contrast enhancement 2) Band ratio-using contrast techniques help to enhance the images with related to brightness problems but this technique cannot solve problems like shadowiness and the like such image enhancement is takes place by using band ratio techniques. According to Department of US Army (2003) stated that Band ratio is commonly used band arithmetic method in which one spectral band is proportional with another spectral band.This simple method r educes the effect of shadowing caused by topography, highlights particular image elements, and accentuates temporal differences. 3) Spatial filtering –this types of enhancement is very important to avoid over exaggerated details for specific place in the image. Murayam and Dassanayake (2010) describe spatial filtering as spatial filter is designed to emphasize larger, homogeneous areas of similar tone and reduce the smaller detail in an image, this serve to smooth the appearance of an image. Low pass filters are very useful for reducing random noise.It is occasionally advantageous to reduce the detail and exaggerated particular features in an image 4) Principal components- According to Department of US Army (2003) the principal component analysis (PCA) is a technique that transform the pixel brightness values. These transformations compress the data by drawing out maximum covariance and remove correlated elements. The other writer Rees (2001) also stated that the principal co mponents of a multiband image are the set of linear combination of the bands that are both independent of and also uncorrelated with, one another. . Purpose of image Transformation and Method of Image Transformation 5. 1. Purpose of image Transformation Image transformation is a means to re-express an image in a different manner which means it gives a chance to Cooke in good way. According to UNEP (2005) The Term: Transform means arithmetic operator It is all arithmetic operations that allow the generation of a new composite image from 1 or 2 or more bands of a multi-spectral, multi-temporal, multi-frequencies (wavelengths), multi-polarization, multi-incidence angle images.The resulting image may have properties which makes it suitable to particular purpose than the original. 14 1) New Information extraction from the exited data like Change detection, vegetation info, geological info 2. Data dimensionality reduction storage efficiency processing efficiency reduce the # of bands and reduce time 3. Produce more physically relevant spectral feature space Similarly Mather and Koch (2011) discussed an image transform is an operation that reexpresses in a different, and possibly more meaningful, form all or part of the information content of a multispectral or grey scale image.From the above idea we can understand that by applying image transformation with different transformation techniques we can extract new information with best visualization and minimum storage. 5. 2. Method of Image Transformation Different writers classified method of image transformation differently because of their purpose study for this paper I choose UNEP (2005) Method of image transformation. According to UNEP(2005) Method Image transformation can be classified into 6 these are 1. Simple Arithmetic Operations 2. Empirically-Based Image Transformation 3.Principal Component Analysis 4. Multiple Discriminant Analysis 5. Hue, Saturation and Intensity (HIS) 6. Fourier Transformation 1. Simple Arithmetic Operations Applying one of arithmetic operation among Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division to perform simple transformation. They performed on 2 or more co-registered images of the same geographical area. The images could be separate spectral bands from single MSS or TM data set or they may be individual band s from data sets that have been imaged at different dates. 1. Image Addition If multiple images of a given region are available for approximately the same date and if part of one of the images has some noise (spectral problem, haze, fog, cloud), then that part can be compensated from the other images available. 15 1. 2 Image Subtraction: To assess the degree of change in an area, two dates of coo-registered images can be used with subtraction operation. October 1988 Figure 12. Change Detection 1. 3 Image Multiplication: May 1992 If the analyst is interested in a part of an image, then extracting that area can be done by multiplying the area by 1 and t he rest by 0.This applied only when the boundary of the area of interest is irregular. 1. 4 Image Division: Image Ratio: Dividing the pixels in one image by the corresponding pixels in a second image. Most commonly used transformation. It is very important transformation techniques because ? ? Certain aspect of the shape of spectral reflectance curves of the different earth surface cover types can be brought out by ratio. Undesirable effects on the recorded images such as the effect of variable illumination resulting from variation in topography can be reduced by ratio. . Empirically-Based Image Transformation Experience with Landsat MSS data for agriculture areas and with the difficulties encountered in the use of ratio transformed and Principal Component, led to the development of Image Transformation that was based on the OBSERVATIONS: 16 2. 1 Perpendicular Vegetation Index PVI A plot of reflectance measured in the visible red band against reflectance in the Near IR for a partly vegetated area will results in a plot like and use soil line for calculating vegetation distance from the line two-dimension space. . 2 Tasseled Cap Transformation PVI considers spectral variation in two of the 4 Landsat MSS bands and use distance from a soil line in the two-dimension space defined by these two MSS bands a a measure of biomass of green leaf area. 3. Principal Component Analysis PCA Adjacent bands in Multi-spectral Scanner remotely sensed data (images) are generally correlated. Multi-band visible/NIR images of vegetated areas show negative correlation between NIR and visible red bands, and positive correlation among the visible bands Green and Red.This is because of the spectral characteristics of vegetation are such that as vigor or greenness of the vegetation increase the red reflectance diminishes and NIR increases. The presence of correlation among the bands of the optical reflected MSS images implies that there is REDUNDENCY in the data. This means that some inf ormation is being repeated. It is the repetition of the information between bands that is reflected in the correlation. Principal component analysis helps to remove such redundancy through compress the data by drawing out maximum covariance and remove correlated elements. 4.Multiple Discriminant Analysis Image transformation using linear function called discriminant function. It represents the coordinate axes in the dimensional space that defined by the spectral bands which making up the data. As in PCA the relationship between the spectral bands and the discriminant functions axis derived and the coordinates of the individual pixel vector computed in terms of discriminant function. A simple example: if you have two groups of land with special reflectance that can be discriminated on the basis of the measurement in the dimensional space or in the coordinate axis.Some scientist thinks that this transformation made for special assignment. But despite of that it is found very useful it those special cases where you cannot find solution for them unless using this transformation. 5. Hue, Saturation and Intensity (HIS) Hue: angular variable of the direction of colors Saturation: lightness of the color (toward white) 0-255 scale the amount of white in the color Intensity: color strength 17 I = R+G+B H= (G – B)/I 3B S= (I – 3B)/ I 6. Fourier Transformation All five transformations discussed, they were using multidimensional space (multi-band) of remotely sensed data.Fourier Transformation using single band. The main idea of this transformation is that it uses the gray scale value, which forming a single image or single band, can be viewed as 3-D surface. The raw and column (X,Y) or spatial coordinates defining two axis (X,Y) and the gray scale 0255 value at each pixel giving the 3rd dimension. Therefore, the resulting image or product will show the frequency of certain feature all around the image. So it is a kind of histogram of the image in 3-D. 6. Ve getation index and relation with vegetation degradation 6. What is Vegetation Index? According to Jackson and huete (1991) Vegetation index is calculating of spectral band of data by combining two or more spectral bands of data. Vegetation indices are formed from combinations of several spectral values that are mathematically recombined in such a way as to yield a single value indicating the amount or vigor of vegetation within a pixel . Campbell, (1996) cited in Freitas and et. al (2005). 6. 2 Vegetation index and degradation –the best method of vegetation index is NDVI which is a normalized vegetation index .It a good means to assess the amount of greenness an area in th inverse NDVI indicates the level of degradation of an area. For example Take Bahirdar image in 1990 winter season and calculate the NDVI value and get a result of 0. 7 and after 10 years in2000 take another image of the same season and calculate the NDVI value and get a result of 0. 2. These indicates that in 1990 Bahirdar was covered by green vegetation while the 2000 image show that most of the areas covered by vegetation is degraded and covered by rocks.If the NDVI value approaches to1 the area has good vegetation cover, if the NDVI value approaches to 0 the area has less vegetation which means the area is covered by rocks and if the NDVI value is negative the area has no vegetation rather the area is covered by snow. 18 7 Digital image classification 7. 1 What is Digital Image